The Phase Reference Line (PRL) of the European Spallation Source (ESS) is a passive system based on a single 1-5/8” coaxial rigid line installed at the tunnel ceiling above the beamline. It is supported by temperature and gas pressure control systems with active electronics installed in the ESS Klystron Gallery Hall. The length of the PRL is around 580 meters. The system is temperature...
XFELs require high-end timing synchronization in a femtosecond time scale, which is related to the short electron bunch length, phase space stability, and diagnosis of those. In the experiment side, the timing error of optical femtosecond laser pulses is also better to be less than their pulse duration for their time-correlation measurement. PAL-XFEL has been operated since 2016 based on...