Conveners
ICABU Poster Session
- Hyun Chang Jin (KBSI)
- Kyung-Tae Ko (Korea Basic Science Institute)
- Yong-Seok Lee (Pohang accelerator laboratory)
- Jun Kue Park (Particle Beam Research Division, Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute)
The 4GSR storage ring in South Korea has an electron energy of 4 GeV and is composed of 28 cells. Each cell contains 4 longitudinal gradient bending magnets (LGBMs), with a total of 112 LGBMs arranged in the ring. All LGBMs are manufactured based on Sm2Co17 permanent magnets, requiring approximately 4 tons of permanent magnet material. Sm2Co17 was selected for its higher temperature stability...
BIBA (Busan Ion Beam Accelerator) is a compact linear accelerator that utilizes a 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SE-ECRIS) at the KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). The primary purpose of BIBA is to produce neutrons for high-resolution radiography and the implantation of multi-charged heavy ions. To operate the neutron radiography facility at BIBA, the ion...
This paper presents the development of a simulation framework designed for beam dynamics simulations and data analysis in high current cyclotrons. Cyclotrons, used in applications such as particle physics and medical isotope production, require precise and efficient simulation tools to optimize beam performance and ensure operational accuracy. The proposed framework integrates advanced...
Purpose
This study aimed to develop an efficient daily quality assurance (QA) program for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy, using custom-designed patterned phantoms and EBT3 film to measure and visually confirm proton range and spot position.
Methods
Two polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phantoms were used: a spiral step pattern for proton range verification and a round pattern for...
This study investigates the space-charge neutralization of a positive ion beam by electrons generated during ionization as the beam passes through injected gas. A three-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation is employed to model this process. Various types of injected gases are considered, and their effects on the transient times for space-charge compensation (SCC) are...
Radio-Isotope Identification (RIID) using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has been actively studied for their ability to identify key gamma-ray spectrum features. Our research team enhanced RIID performance by innovatively transforming traditional 1D gamma spectra from CsI(Tl) scintillator measurements of radioisotopic mixtures into 2D image data for CNNs training [1]. To improve model...
Field emission is one of the limitations of the performance of accelerating cavities, especially for superconducting cavities. Reducing electron loading caused by field emission electrons is one of the most important tasks in constructing a superconducting accelerator. Identifying the location of the field emission site can be helpful in this process. In the mass production step of...
The recently introduced 4th-generation storage ring (4GSR) requires not only a higher magnetic field gradient compared to the sextupole and octupole magnets used in existing 3rd-generation synchrotron accelerators, but also utilizes magnets with complex magnetic field distributions, such as Longitudinal Gradient Bending magnets, which significantly differ from hard-edge models. These complex...
The interaction between antimatter with gravitational fields remains a fundamental question in physics. The GBAR experiment aims to measure the gravitational acceleration of antihydrogen atoms in a terrestrial gravitational field. Achieving precise measurements requires the production of ultra-cold antihydrogen atoms. A key milestone in the GBAR experiment is the production of antihydrogen...
X-ray fluorescence has been widely utilized in synchrotron X-ray spectroscopies including X-ray absorption or emission spectroscopy. The fluorescence yield (FY) counts the emitted X-rays originated from elastic or inelastic processes, and the intensity profile of the FY signal as a function of the X-ray energy contains the information on chemical states and excited electronic structure of the...
Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are increasingly garnering attention as portable power sources, owing to their superior mass-energy density compared to hydrogen and lower toxicity relative to methanol. Despite these advantages, achieving full electrooxidation of ethanol to produce 12 electrons per molecule remains a significant challenge, leading to suboptimal fuel utilization efficiency. In...
A 100-MeV high power proton linac has been operated and used for user service since 2013 at KOMAC. The 100-MeV linac consists of an ion source, low energy beam transport, 3-MeV radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and drift tube linac. 3-MeV RFQ has a critical role in focusing and bunching the beam with acceleration from 50 keV to 3 MeV. The RFQ has been operated over 20 years considering the...
A double RF system, which consists of a main cavity and its higher harmonic cavity (HHC), is used to increase the bunch length and enhance beam lifetime. This system provides Landau damping and suppresses collective instabilities, thereby improving the beam quality. First, we review the optimal conditions for bunch lengthening using a single HHC, based on the RF parameters of PLS-II. Next, we...
To apply the C-band accelerator technology to medical devices in Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), a prototype 4 MV X-ray irradiator for preclinical radiotherapy research is developing. This irradiator is characterized by having the entire accelerator structure and irradiation device built into a single square body, and in this study, an optimal shielding...
The dynamics of charged particle beams in an accelerator can be understood by examining their behavior in phase space, where particles are distributed according to their position and momentum. The emittance, defined as the area (or volume in higher-dimensional cases) of phase space, is a key parameter in characterizing beam quality. For instance, transverse emittance has a significant impact...
The Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS) received beam time proposals from domestic users in Korea at the end of last year. The primary beams to be delivered will be Ne-20 and Ar-40, accelerated by the low energy superconducting linac SCL3 to peak currents of ˜40 uA at energies below ˜20 MeV/u. Through review of proposals by the committee, two representative experiments will be...
Background: Adaptive therapy has been enormously improved based on the art of generating adaptive computed tomography (ACT) from planning CT (PCT) and the on-board image used for the patient setup. Exploiting the ACT, this study evaluated the dose delivered to patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and derived...
This report details the design and fabrication of an HTS saddle coil winding machine, composed of a 2-axis linear stage and a 3-axis robotic arm. The study focuses on implementing a winding motion of a bobbin that consistently maintains the direction vector of the HTS wire during unwinding and winding processes, which is then parameterized for control. Inputting a 3D winding model achievable...
CLaSsy is an experimental setup designed for laser spectroscopy of radioactive isotopes at the RAON ISOL facility of the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS). Laser spectroscopy provides model-independent determinations of nuclear ground state properties, such as mean-square charge radii and electromagnetic moments. Recently, we successfully obtained a spectrum of Kr ions using collinear...
The RAON is a sophisticated system designed for advanced scientific experiments using high-energy particle beams. These high-power beams pose significant risks, potentially causing equipment damage and safety hazards. To mitigate these risks, a reliable Machine Protection System (MPS) is essential for ensuring the safe operation of the accelerator. The RAON MPS was developed with three primary...
In order to deliver the microwave power from gyrotron oscillator to an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for simultaneously producing high current and highly charged ions, a 28 GHz 10 kW gyrotron system was designed. The microwave power from 28 GHz gyrotron installed in Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) were measured using a dummy load from 0.5 kW to 10 kW with frequency...
In the development of the linac for fourth generation storage ring, we conducted a comprehensive beam dynamics simulation to optimize the design of the injector system. To achieve this, we employed the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) to improve the linac operation parameters. The primary objectives of this optimization study were to minimize energy spread and transverse emittance at...
Accurate temporal resolution in beam diagnostics is crucial for obtaining a precise longitudinal beam profile. A transverse deflecting cavity, used as a longitudinal beam profile monitor, is a suitable instrument for achieving this requirement by inducing a transverse kick to a bunch. The induced transverse field deflects the bunch in the transverse direction, allowing the time profile to be...
A heavy-ion accelerator facility was constructed for the Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) at the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS) in Daejeon, Korea. A cryomodule with quarter-wave resonators (QWRs) and half-wave resonators (HWRs) was installed in the SCL (Superconducting Linac) 3 tunnel, and the initial beam commissioning using argon beams has been completed. Additionally, a...
Several prototype S-band pulsed klystrons for use in the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) have been produced by a domestic company in collaboration with PAL. These klystrons stably produced the required output RF power at a low pulse repetition rate (< 30 Hz) but suffered from gun arcings at 60 Hz which is the operation rep. rate of the PAL-XFEL klystrons. We inspected the arcing spots on...
We presented gantry design with compact size and high energy acceptance satisfying rotation invariant condition. three identical 90 degree superconducting canted cosine theta (CCT) bending magnets (BMs) was used in a gantry to make gantry size be small, however, one BM have reverse bending angle. For high energy acceptance, low dispersion should be maintained through a gantry, therefore,...
We present the conceptual design for the fast bunch switching line in PAL-XFEL. Currently we are servicing both hard X-ray line and soft X-ray line by switching the single bunch’s direction in the rate of 30 Hz. Considering the method of ATHOS line in SwissFEL, we have designed a fast kicker line which are possible to send bunches in 60 Hz to the both lines by separating two- bunches generated...
The new 4th Generation Synchrotron Radiation source (4GSR) will be built in Ochang, South Korea. The Fast Orbit Interlock system (FOI) refers to a system in which the beam detects a normal orbit departure situation inside the storage ring and triggers an interlock signal during accelerator operation. The core of this system is to quickly judge the situation and stop the beam quickly because...
MIS (Machine Interlock System) for Korea-4GSR is a system that prevents operations that may cause harm to related devices when a malfunction or a harmful situation occurs in each device configured throughout the accelerator during accelerator operation. It is an essential element of accelerator operation. MIS is classified by area, level, and device according to each accelerator operation...
The event timing system is a system that coordinates and synchronizes events in a precise order over time, and provides precise timing to local devices installed in the 4GSR. The system consists of one Event Master (EVM), multiple Event Fanouts (EVF), and multiple Event Receivers (EVR), and each local device receives event, trigger, and time stamp information from the EVR. The event timing...
Accelerators have now become the main source of epi-thermal neutrons for clinical BNCT applications. The electrostatic tandem proton accelerator system, designed to produce H⁻ ions, removes two electrons using an argon gas stripping system located on the high-voltage deck. The resulting protons are then accelerated, representing a significant advancement in generating high flux neutrons...
The RAON facility, operated by the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) in Daejeon, is a state-of-the-art accelerator complex designed for advanced research on rare isotopes. To accelerate various ions, RAON employs multiple cavity types. Among these, the 81.25 MHz superconducting Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) cavity is crucial for the initial acceleration of ion beams. Efficient RF power...
Recently, the adoption of Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA) has been increasing in major accelerators worldwide, replacing tube amplifiers such as Klystron and IoT. This study aims to develop a GaN (Gallium Nitride) transistor-based High power SSPA as a domestic product that can be used as a key component in high-power RF amplifiers for Korea’s 4th Generation Synchrotron Radiation...
This study aims to develop a prototype Fast Orbit Feedback System (FOFB) to improve beam orbit stability in the 4th generation synchrotron radiation facility. The FOFB system is designed to detect subtle beam orbit deviations in real time and quickly correct them, ensuring high-precision beam stability. The system’s hardware and software are currently under development, with a focus on...
To address the limitations of conventional RF acceleration methods, plasma wakefield acceleration techniques and the development of suitable plasma sources have been actively pursued for decades. While there has been considerable progress, there still remain issues such as poor beam quality, and structural limitations that impede high repetition-rate beam acceleration.
Various methods have...
KOMAC operates a 100 MeV proton linear accelerator and began providing beam services in 2013. Throughout its operation, various issues have occurred, and they have been addressed. Each machine manager was recorded by individual operators, mostly manually, which made it difficult to retrieve past records for reference when similar issues occurred. Moreover, as 24-hour shift operations are set...
Beam profile monitors (BPRMs) based on fluorescent screen plates have been widely used in various accelerator facilities due to their intuitive structure and convenient camera-based readout system. However, calibration methods to correct the complex measurement errors caused by factors such as the misalignment of screen, distance variations from the camera, and assembly tolerances with...
The BIBA (Busan Ion Beam Accelerator) is a compact linear accelerator facility using the 28 GHz SC-ECRIS (Superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source) at the KBSI (Korea Basic Science Institute). The SC-ECRIS is designed to operate at 28 GHz with up to 10 kW of microwave power. During the operation of the SC-ECRIS, a large amount of X-rays is produced due to the high-energy...
Construction of a heavy ion accelerator facility is currently underway to support various scientific studies in fields such as nuclear physics, materials science, and medicine. The heavy ion accelerator is primarily composed of the SCL3 section for low-energy acceleration and the SCL2 section for high-energy acceleration. Currently, beam extraction and application experiments have been...
This study focuses on the development of a system to mitigate vacuum breakdown in high-energy ion beam extraction systems using external magnetic fields. Vacuum breakdown tends to occur more frequently in environments where electric and magnetic fields coexist, presenting a significant challenge in accelerator technology. To address this issue, our research conducted both theoretical and...
Radpion Inc. is a company that develops and sells ion sources, ion implantation devices, and technologies. It succeeded in industrialization by developing the surface electrostatic prevention technology for plastic and ceramic parts using gas ion implantation technology and devices. Recently, the need for bonding different materials in 5G/6G antennas and heat dissipation substrates is...
Recently the installation and first beam commissioning of the low energy section (SCL3) of a heavy ion accelerator RAON has been finished. The operating RF frequency for SCL3 are 81.25 MHz and 162.5 MHz. Each cavity will be controlled independently to accommodate the acceleration of the various A/q ions. All cavities in RAON SCL3 are the superconducting cavities and the planned beam current is...
The Beam Loss Monitor (BLM) is crucial for protecting accelerator components from high-energy ionizing radiation unexpectedly generated around the beam path. We have developed a cost-effective BLM for the new-generation synchrotron, Korea 4GSR. The BLM is utilized organic scintillator blocks, optical fibers, and a CMOS camera, to determine the location of beam loss with a low temporal...
A 3-MeV RFQ for KOMAC has been operated for almost 20 years and its performance has been degraded gradually in terms of arcing and beam transmission. We have designed new RFQ with some modifications to replace the current one. Main features of modifications include longer gentle buncher section, which results in better stability at high current. In addtion, we determined to remove resonant...
Methods: The large-area (30x40 cm2) pMBRT system was designed to encompass the entire brain in CSI. The system included a multi-slit collimator(MSC), a depth-dose modulator(lead scatterers), a neutron absorber, a range shifter, and a rectangular snout. The MSC generates a set of narrow minibeams due to 1.5 mm-wide slits, and the depth-dose modulator converts minibeams into a broad beam in the...
Since the strength of the booster magnets changes during the energy ramping process, it creates the inevitable eddy currents in a metal chamber. The eddy current generates a relatively weak sextupole-field component but causes a non-negligible effect due to the significantly long physical length of the bending magnet. These effects can be estimated as chromaticity by integrating the...
We evaluated the difference in the range of carbon ions in water according to the difference in the stopping-power table using Geant4 toolkit. In Geant4 toolkit, pristine carbon beams were simulated to be incident on the virtual water phantom for each therapeutic kinetic energy of carbon ions. In the case of the stopping-power table that is involved in energy loss among electromagnetic physics...
Electromagnetic analysis is conducted to derive optimum design of the accelerating cell for 200 MeV separated drift tube linac (SDTL). First, 2D analysis is conducted utilizing Poisson-Superfish code. To derive accelerating cell design for efficient acceleration and preventing breakdown, optimum parameters are investigated pursuing maximized effective shunt impedance (ZTT) with Kilpatrick...
The pulse duration of the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) relies on the pulse duration of the electron bunch. The energy distribution of the electron bunch can be manipulated by using the laser heater in the purpose of generating attosecond pulse duration electron bunch current profile. Therefore, the resultant electron bunch current profile after the bunch compressor chicanes is programmable...
Rational design of electrocatalysts, including an increased catalytic surface area, a unique surface structure, and improved conductivity, for facilitating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is emerging as an important issue. In this work, we consider the engineering of catalyst surfaces as an effective and feasible way to accelerate the HER kinetics. By etching the surface Fe of FeRu alloy...
Proton therapy reduces radiation dose to normal tissues compared to X-ray therapy, thanks to the Bragg peak's physical properties, thereby minimizing radiotherapy side effects. However, in passive scattering proton therapy, using small apertures to treat small tumors leads to deterioration of dose uniformity within the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) region. This study aims to improve dose...
One of the purposes of employing the collimator in the storage ring is to protect the machine device from the damage by intentionally blocking it. Particularly, the power density of the damage increases in the fourth-generation storage rings as the emittance of the ring is dramatically reduced. In this paper, the collimator performance is estimated for the Korea-4GSR. The study indicates that...
In Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) laboratories, chemical pretreatment is essential for reducing sample contamination and enhancing data reliability. Specifically, in radiocarbon dating with AMS, chemical pretreatment is used to remove carbonates and humic acids, allowing for more precise measurement of sample data. This chemical pretreatment has been used for traditional sample...
RAON (Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments) is a heavy ion accelerator under construction in Daejeon, South Korea. RAON plans to operate a 28 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) with a fully superconducting magnet and is currently operating a 14.5 GHz ECR ion source with a fully permanent magnet. The 14.5 GHz ECRIS was manufactured by PANTECHNIK and...
The global warming crisis, largely driven by rising carbon dioxide emissions, necessitates innovative solutions to mitigate its impact. Among the promising strategies under investigation is the utilization of ammonia fuel cells or ammonia electrolytic cells. Ammonia, a carbon-free substance with a higher energy density than hydrogen, offers significant advantages in terms of handling and...
Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE) model is applied to detect faults in the pulse waveform signals from the KOMAC High Voltage Converter Modulator (HVCM) and Klystron. Based on the CVAE model previously studied for anomaly detection of HVCM in SNS accelerator, we tuned the model and hyperparameters by considering features of the KOMAC data. Experimental results confirmed that the...
The heat dissipation mechanisms in superconducting cavities are investigated. Liquid helium is used to remove the heat generated in these cavities. The properties of liquid helium and its heat removal efficiency are discussed. When RF power is applied to a superconducting cavity, heat dissipation occurs on the surface due to the surface resistance of the niobium (Nb) before X-ray generation....
Korea 4th Generation Synchrotron Radiation Accelerator(Korea-4GSR), aim to achieve a 4GeV ultra-low emittance beam with a current of up to 400 mA to enhance beam brightness. However, lowering the beam emittance increases the electron density within the bunch, which in turn reduces the beam lifetime due to Touschek scattering and intra-beam scattering. Therefore, to reduce the electron density...
KOMAC has been operating the 1.7 MV tandem accelerator, and has recently been improving the layout of the accelerator and beamline with the goal of establishing a PIXE system for cultural heritage analysis. Additionally, A distributed control system was implemented to enhance the stability of the control system, as replacing the previous centralized control system. The user interface has also...
An RFT-30 cyclotron is a 30 MeV proton accelerator for radioisotope(RI) production and fundamental research. In this work, we have implemented the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System(EPICS) based control system for the RFT-30 cyclotron. We have replated the old relay based manual control system with new PLC based automated control system.
The EPICS IOC(Input Output Controller)...
KOMAC (Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex) of KAERI has operated the 100 MeV proton linear accelerator since 2013. To accelerate the proton beam, the high power RF is delivered to the cavities using 1.6 MW, 350 MHz klystrons.
KOMAC has started 24-hour user service since August 2024. In order to reduce the operational burden on accelerator operators, we have developed a system that can...
An RFT-30 cyclotron is a 30 MeV proton accelerator for radioisotope (RI) production and fundamental research. A Low Level RF (LLRF) system is used for the stable control of the cyclotron RF system. In this work, we have implemented automatice LLRF control program for the RFT-30 cyclotron. The LLRF program captures the monitor signals from the RF system and then decides the optimal parameters...
A 100-MeV proton accelerator is under operation at Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC). The resonance control cooling system (RCCS) has provided the cooling water to drift tube linac (DTL). The resonance frequencies of the DTL tanks are controlled by using the RCCS, installed at every DTL tank. RCCS has two operation modes including the constant temperature mode and the resonance...
The RAON (Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments) in South Korea is a facility designed to accelerate heavy ions and produce rare isotopes for research purposes. The control system at RAON utilizes the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) as its core framework. Since the control network is a closed system isolated from external networks within the...
The Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (DIRAMS) has built and operates the C-band electron LINACs for preclinical study and is currently conducting research focusing on core components of C-band electron LINACs for development and commercialization of radiotherapy machine. A vacuum brazing system was built to develop core vacuum components such as electron guns and...
RAON (Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for On-line experiments) not only completed beam commissioning but also successfully provided its first user service for its low-energy section using an argon beam in 2024. Anticipating issues such as malfunctions in the vacuum gauge and pump during accelerator operation, both the alarm system for operators and the interlock system for equipment...
RAON is Korea's heavy ion accelerator, which will begin its first test run in 2022, complete the test run in the SCL3 section in 2023, and is currently conducting experiments to provide beams to users in 2024.
LLRF, which controls the RF in the SCL3 section of the RAON heavy ion accelerator, was configured and 102 modules were installed, but there was a problem in that the control state of...
The 4GSR storage ring, with a 4 GeV electron energy, is designed with 28 cells based on the hybrid 7-bend achromat lattice concept. Compared to third-generation synchrotron radiation accelerators, it offers 100 times higher brightness and achieves an exceptionally low beam emittance of less than 100 pm·rad. To meet these specifications, each cell is equipped with a longitudinal gradient bend...
The Rare isotope Accelerator Complex for ON-line Experiments (RAON) has been built for providing beam of exotic rare isotope of various energies at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS). The low energy linac (SCL3) is composed of 22 Quarter wave resonator (QWR) cryomodules and 34 Half wave resonator (HWR) cryomodules. The total number of QWR and HWR cavities are 22 and 106, respectively. The...
FLASH radiotherapy is an innovative treatment technique that delivers extremely high dose rates of radiation over a very short time, effectively destroying tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Cherenkov radiation, which is produced when high-speed electrons pass through a medium, could play a crucial role in dose distribution and real-time monitoring during FLASH...
We have researched a structure designed to enhance magnetic field strength using a CST program and have fabricated a mock-up magnet (M-magnet) with neodymium magnets. The field strength of the M-magnet is measured using a Gauss meter (TM-197, Tenmars, Taiwan ) at 1 mm intervals. The position is precisely controlled by the 3D-magnetic field scanning system and a LabVIEW program developed in...
Abstract: This study investigates the cross-sections of proton-induced nuclear reactions on natural titanium (natTi) and natural vanadium (natV) using a 100 MeV proton beam. The experiments were conducted over an energy range from 97.5 MeV to 62 MeV. The primary objective was to measure the production cross-sections of various isotopes, including 43K, 44m,46,47,48Sc, and 48V, which were...
The next-generation synchrotron accelerator requires a configuration of high-precision electromagnets, undulators, vacuum chambers, and monitoring devices. The accelerators currently under development demand the capability to control electron beams at the micro level with exceptional precision. Alongside the advancement of high-precision acceleration devices, developing a stable girder system...
The construction of magnets using High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS), such as REBCO, requires a specialized winding process due to their flat geometry. The "paper folding" method is implemented to address this issue, maintaining structural integrity by controlling the upper and lower perimeters of the winding magnet coil and preventing critical stress. A custom-made VPython code is...
The muon g-2/EDM experiment at J-PARC (E34) aims to measure muon g-2 and EDM with unprecedented low-emittance muon beam realized by acceleration of thermal muons. The muon linac accelerates muons from thermal energy (25 meV) to 212 MeV with electro-static extraction and four different radio-frequency cavity: RFQ, IH-DTL, DAW-CCL, and disk loaded structure. We succeeded in accelerating muons...
The design of a robust laser pulse train generation applicable to RF photocathode guns is described, which is based on a beam splitter and combiner method. A high-power single laser pulse is used as an input, and the generated 64 pulses have 2 ns intervals synchronized to 500 MHz RF reference. Another reference optical oscillator synchronized to the RF reference is used to diagnose and control...
The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) generates an electron beam with high peak current and low emittance, achieving an energy of up to 11 GeV. From this electron beam, hard X-rays are produced, covering a photon energy range from 2.2 keV to 15 keV. Recently, a second hard X-ray beamline, known as the HX2 beamline, has been proposed. To ensure that the HX2...
This study investigates beam dynamics simulation and optimization of the booster ring to storage ring transport line using a nonlinear kicker magnet (NKM). Employing the Accelerator Toolbox (AT), we developed a custom NKM element module to enhance the simulation of beam dynamics. Our approach involves optimizing lattice functions within the booster ring to improve the transport efficiency to...
The Korea-4GSR is an upcoming diffraction-limited synchrotron light source designed to provide X-rays with a brightness up to 100 times greater than existing sources. While a photocathode electron gun was initially selected based on the operational success of PAL-XFEL, a thermionic electron gun is also being considered to enhance operational stability. However, this transition results in an...
To maximize the wake field, we have to minimize the beam loss and adjust the bunch timing.
First, for minimizing the beam loss, it is essential to manage the beam size and the slope.
To prevent a loss from the beam pipe, we have to minimize the beam size.
Additionally, if the slope is too steep, then the particles may collide to beam pipe and be lost.
Therefore, it’s important to avoid...
We are working on creating a small synchrotron light source for desktop applications using laser-driven electron acceleration. Our system includes a ring-shaped dipole with a block-shaped permanent magnet to reduce cost and weight. In our initial analysis, we found that minimizing electron beam divergence angles improves orbit stability. We also discovered that modulating the peak magnetic...
RF driven plasma, characterized by its simple structure and high plasma density, is advantageous for various applications such as ion beam implantation and ion mass spectrometry. To support these purposes, modeling different ion beams within the RF ion source is essential for conducting simulation studies and predicting its plasma conditions. This study investigated the characteristics of...
In synchrotron light sources, Higher Harmonic Cavities (HHCs) are employed to increase the bunch length, thereby reducing Touschek scattering and enhancing beam lifetime. This is particularly critical in 4th generation light sources, where the electron beam size is reduced to the diffraction limit of the photon beam. Typically, a Passive Harmonic Cavity (PHC) is tuned to a frequency higher...
At the Research Center of Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), C-band LINACs have been developed and operated. A C-band magnetron with 45 kV and 80 A will be used in the next DIRAMS LINAC, and it requires the standalone test before integration. For quality control and quality assurance, a C-band magnetron test bench has been designed and built, consisting of a...
Beam diagnostics are a crucial aspect of accelerators, as they allow for the assessment of the current beam state and facilitate beam adjustments accordingly. Consequently, numerous beam diagnostic techniques have been developed and employed over time. However, many diagnostic methods provide only zero-dimensional or one-dimensional data. Although there are several techniques for...
The 4$^{th}$ Generation Storage Ring (4$^{th}$ GSR) facility has been under development in Korea since July 2021. Storage ring has a circumference of 799.297 m with a beam emittance of 62 pm.rad. It will operate with a stored electron energy of 4 GeV and a current of 400 mA. The facility includes a 200-MeV Linac operating at 2 Hz, a booster ring, and a storage ring (SR), both housed within the...
At the Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON), the Isotope Separation ON-Line (ISOL) facility utilizes three types of ion sources to produce Rare Isotope (RI) beams for various research purposes. The RAON ISOL RI beam was commissioned by producing Na, Al, and Li-ion beams with a surface ion source. Beam tests using the Resonant Ionization Laser Ion Source were also...
This paper presents a case study on the reinstallation of heavy weight cryomodule (HWR-B #11) for the SCL3 beamline maintenance. Our HWR-B unit consists of a cryomodule and an associated warm-section (including a quadrupole magnet and a vacuum chamber) with a total weight exceeding 12.5 tons. After the initial beam commissioning, we found that certain low-efficiency modules required overhaul &...
In this research, we explore the effect of grain boundaries (GBs) on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in Pt-Co nanowires. Grain boundaries are imperfections in crystal structures and are typically considered highly active sites for various electrochemical processes. However, our results indicate that GBs in bimetallic Pt-Co alloys may not be beneficial. To investigate this, we synthesized...
RAON is a multipurpose accelerator facility that can accelerate various heavy ion beams and rare isotope beams. The maximum energy of the uranium beam at the end of SCL3 is 18.5 MeV/u, 0.2 beta, and the maximum energy of the proton beam would be higher than uranium beam. 54 button beam position monitors with an inner diameter of 40 mm were manufactured for use at SCL3, and the BPMs installed...
The Korea-4th generation storage ring (Korea-4GSR), with an energy of 4 GeV, a circumference of 800 meters, a multi-bend achromat (MBA) structure, and an emittance of 60 pm·rad, is designed for a high-performance synchrotron light source. To ensure stable and efficient functioning of the 4GSR, mitigating the impact of ion effects—which can lead to fast beam-ion instability (FBII), emittance...
We conducted the design and simulation study of a 200-MeV linear accelerator (LINAC) utilizing a thermionic gun, proposed as the injector system for a fourth-generation storage ring. The LINAC configuration consists of a thermionic DC gun, a sub-harmonic buncher (SHB), a buncher, and four accelerating tubes. Beam dynamics simulations were performed using PARMILA to optimize the system, with a...
A beam from cold neutron sources or X-ray sources spread out radially from the source. These beams have a high divergence angle and the flux decreases inversely with distance. In order to analyze the structure of material, the beam must be sent to a sample at a distance. At this time, a long measurement time is required due to the low flux of the beam. Moreover, except for a few neutron...
The 4th generation multipurpose synchrotron radiation accelerator has been under development in Korea since 2021. This light source targets electron beam emittance less than 60 pm, a circumference of about 800 m, and electron beam energy of 4 GeV. It aims for 40 beamlines for multipurpose industry, and scientific applications. The accelerator uses various magnets in the storage ring, including...
We employed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate the conformational transitions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) across a wide range of urea concentrations (0–8 M). By constructing three-dimensional (3D) ab initio models using GASBOR, we described the structural evolution of BSA from its native state to denatured and unfolded conformations. By integrating size exclusion...
Currently, ceramic materials are used in various areas such as the machinery and semiconductor industries. However, the accumulation of static electricity on the ceramic surface causes defects in peripheral devices and semiconductor wafers. To prevent this, a conductive ceramic material capable of preventing static electricity is produced by mixing carbon nanotubes or metal powder with...
In Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), a proton LINAC for 20 MeV and 100 MeV is in operation and provides the proton beam for various applications since 2013. To measure the Fluence at the sample location, a collimator and a Faraday cup were placed forward and backward and their charges were measured using digital current...
The functional perovskite La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) is extensively researched for its applications in green-energy storage, high-temperature oxygen sensors, catalysts, and memory devices. LSMO exhibits various exotic phases due to competing physical parameters and internal degrees of freedom. Notably, the ferromagnetic insulating (FMI) phase of LSMO has been less studied compared to its...
The heavy-ion accelerator of the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS) has been developed and beam commissioning for the low energy superconducting linear accelerator (SCL3) has been performed. There are three types of SRF cavity, which are 81.25 MHz quarterwave resonator (QWR), 162.5 MHz half-wave resonator (HWR), 325 MHz single-spoke resonator (SSR). There are 22 QWRs and 102 HWRs in...
The world’s brightest x-ray pulses are generated in a range of photon energy from 0.25 keV to 20 keV, and used for many scientific applications at PAL-XFEL. The self-amplified spontaneous emission, so-called SASE, mechanism is the simplest process for producing the high-brightness x-ray pulses. In the SASE mechanism, electron beams are accelerated to GeV energies and radiate the free-electron...
The least action principle is applied to better understand superconducting cavities. This principle, which is fundamental to forces such as electromagnetic forces, is used to derive the equations of motion. By applying the least action principle, heat dissipation in superconducting cavities is analyzed. When RF power is applied to a superconducting cavity, heat dissipation occurs within the...
The long-term stability of Ni-based catalysts, employed in the anode of anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE), has been a persisting concern. In this work, through a simple and powerful electrochemical anodization process, vertically aligned β-NiOOH atomic sheets (vertical-β-NiOOH) grown on Fe-doped Ni nanoplates (FeNi nanoplates) as a solution are offered. The HRTEM and...
